Graphene market

Markets, Producers, Applications and Products

Published January 2020, 560 pages, 198 tables, 146 figures

The market for graphene has grown hugely in the past decade, with numerous products now on the market and more to come as graphene producers record steadily increasing revenues and OEMs witnessing significant returns in clothing, sportswear, footwear, tires, batteries etc. Graphene is available in multi-ton quantities from many producers and has been identified by many industry sectors as a key materials that will drive future product development in flexible electronics, smart textiles, biosensors, drug delivery, water filtration, supercapacitors and more.

Future Markets, Inc., publisher of the first ever market report on Graphene in 2009 and publisher of Graphene Magazine (www.2dmaterialsmag.com) presents The Graphene Report 2020, the most comprehensive and up-to date report on graphene currently available, by the world's leading market authority on graphene. Profiling over 200 companies, the report provides key information for investors and executives to enable them to understand and take advantage of the opportunities provided by graphene (other 2D materials are also covered).

Purchasers of the Graphene Report 2020 will receive updates for 12 months (access to online file repository) and also a free 12 issue subscription to Graphene Magazine, including access to back issues. A must-have for anyone interested in the business and investment opportunities in graphene, The Graphene Report 2020 contains:

Unique market assessment tools to assess the viability of graphene, by market, and application.
Tabular data on current graphene products.
Market assessment of other 2D materials.
Assessment of graphene by market including applications, key benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for graphene, technology drawbacks, competing materials, potential consumption of graphene to 2030 and main players.
Graphical depictions of graphene applications by market.
In depth-assessment of graphene producer and distributor pricing in 2020.
Global market for graphene in tons, by sector, historical and forecast to 2020.
In-depth profiles of graphene producers including products, production capacities, manufacturing methods, collaborations, licensing, customers and target markets. Companies profiled include Directa Plus, Global Graphene Group, ZEN Graphene Solutions, HP1 Technologies Ltd, GrapheneCA, Saint Jean Carbon, SafeLi LLC, Versarien, Talga Resources, Archer Materials, Haydale Graphene, Paragraf, Graphenea and many more.
Detailed forecasts for key growth areas, opportunities and demand.

Download table of contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..........................................................................................29

1.1 Why graphene?.................................................................................................................................. 30
1.2 The market in 2019............................................................................................................................ 35
1.3 Future global market outlook............................................................................................................. 36
1.4 Market opportunities in graphene...................................................................................................... 40
1.5 Global graphene production 2010-2020............................................................................................ 44
1.6 Estimated demand to 2030................................................................................................................ 46
1.7 Graphene market by region............................................................................................................... 48
- 1.7.1 Asia-Pacific............................................................................................................................... 48
- 1.7.2 North America........................................................................................................................... 52
- 1.7.3 Europe...................................................................................................................................... 54
- 1.7.4 Rest of the world....................................................................................................................... 54
1.8 Graphene products............................................................................................................................ 55
1.9 Graphene investments....................................................................................................................... 58
1.10 Global government funding and support...................................................................................... 61
1.11 Graphene producers and production............................................................................................ 62
1.12 Industrial collaborations and licence agreements........................................................................ 63
1.13 Graphene market challenges........................................................................................................ 67

2 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE........................................................................71

2.1 History................................................................................................................................................ 71
2.2 Types of graphene............................................................................................................................. 72
2.3 Properties........................................................................................................................................... 73
2.4 3D Graphene..................................................................................................................................... 74
2.5 Graphene Quantum Dots.................................................................................................................. 74

3 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION................................................................................79

3.1 Large area graphene films................................................................................................................. 79
3.2 Graphene oxide flakes and graphene nanoplatelets........................................................................ 80
3.3 Production methods........................................................................................................................... 81
- 3.3.1 Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs).............................................................................................. 83
- 3.3.2 Graphene oxide (GO)............................................................................................................... 84
- 3.3.3 Large-area graphene films....................................................................................................... 84
3.4 Quality................................................................................................................................................ 86
3.5 Assessment of graphene production methods.................................................................................. 87

4 GRAPHENE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS........................................... 96

5 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION........................................................................100

5.1 Commercial production capacities.................................................................................................. 103
5.2 Graphene oxide production capacities............................................................................................ 103
- 5.2.1 By producer............................................................................................................................ 103
- 5.2.2 By region................................................................................................................................. 104
5.3 Graphene nanoplatelets production capacities............................................................................... 105
- 5.3.1 By producer............................................................................................................................ 105
- 5.3.2 Production capacity by region................................................................................................ 106
5.4 CVD graphene film.......................................................................................................................... 107
- 5.4.1 By producer............................................................................................................................ 108
5.5 Planned graphene capacities.......................................................................................................... 108
5.6 Mass production challenges............................................................................................................ 109

6 GRAPHENE PRICING..............................................................................111

6.1 Pristine Graphene Flakes pricing.................................................................................................... 112
6.2 Few-Layer Graphene pricing........................................................................................................... 113
6.3 Graphene Nanoplatelets pricing...................................................................................................... 114
6.4 Reduced Graphene Oxide pricing................................................................................................... 114
6.5 Graphene Quantum Dots pricing..................................................................................................... 115
6.6 Graphene Oxide Nanosheets pricing.............................................................................................. 116
6.7 Multilayer Graphene (MLG) pricing................................................................................................. 116

7 GRAPHENE IN BATTERIES............................................................... 118

7.1 Market overview............................................................................................................................... 120
7.2 Market prospects............................................................................................................................. 120
7.3 Market assessment.......................................................................................................................... 121
7.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030.................................................................... 125
7.5 Product developers.......................................................................................................................... 128

8 GRAPHENE IN 3D PRINTING.............................................................. 130

8.1 Market overview............................................................................................................................... 130
8.2 Market prospects............................................................................................................................. 131
8.3 Market assessment.......................................................................................................................... 131
8.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030.................................................................... 134
8.5 Product developers.......................................................................................................................... 135

9 GRAPHENE IN ADHESIVES................................................................. 136

9.1 Market overview............................................................................................................................... 136
9.2 Market prospects............................................................................................................................. 136
9.3 Market assessment.......................................................................................................................... 137
9.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030.................................................................... 139
9.5 Product developers.......................................................................................................................... 141

10 GRAPHENE IN AVIATION AND AEROSPACE............................................... 142

10.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 142
10.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 142
10.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 143
10.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 147
10.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 150

11 GRAPHENE IN AUTOMOTIVE................................................................... 152

11.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 152
11.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 152
11.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 153
11.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 157
11.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 162

12 GRAPHENE IN PAINTS AND COATINGS........................................... 163

12.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 163
12.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 163
12.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 163
12.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 172
12.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 176

13 GRAPHENE IN COMPOSITES............................................................... 179

13.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 179
13.2 Fiber-based polymer composite parts........................................................................................ 183
- 13.2.1 Market prospects.................................................................................................................... 183
- 13.2.2 Market assessment................................................................................................................ 184
- 13.2.3 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030........................................................... 186
  - 13.2.3.1 Thermosets................................................................................................................... 186
  - 13.2.3.2 Thermoplastics.............................................................................................................. 186
13.3 Metal-matrix composites............................................................................................................. 187
- 13.3.1 Market assessment................................................................................................................ 187
- 13.3.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030........................................................... 189
13.4 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 190

14 GRAPHENE IN ELECTRONICS......................................................................... 192

14.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 192
14.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 193
14.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 196
14.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2030........................................................................... 203
14.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 205

15 GRAPHENE IN CONDUCTIVE INKS................................................................ 207

15.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 207
15.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 207
15.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 213
15.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 214
15.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 217

16 GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS........................ 218

16.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 218
16.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 218
16.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 219
16.4 Global market, historical and forecast to 2030........................................................................... 223
16.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 226

17 GRAPHENE MEMORY DEVICES................................................................... 228

17.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 228
17.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 229
17.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 229
17.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 232
17.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 234

18 GRAPHENE IN SUPERCAPACITORS................................................................. 235

18.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 235
18.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 236
18.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 236
18.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 241
18.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 243

19 GRAPHENE IN PHOTOVOLTAICS............................................ 244

19.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 245
19.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 246
19.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 246
19.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 249
19.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 251

20 GRAPHENE IN FUEL CELLS..................................................................... 252

20.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 253
20.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 254
20.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 254
20.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 257
20.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 258

21 GRAPHENE IN LIGHTING..................................................................... 259

21.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 259
21.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 260
21.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 260
21.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 262
21.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 264

22 GRAPHENE IN OIL AND GAS.......................................................... 265

22.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 266
22.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 266
22.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 267
22.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 273
22.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 275

23 GRAPHENE IN FILTRATION............................................................... 276

23.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 279
23.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 279
23.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 280
23.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 283
23.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 285

24 GRAPHENE IN LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE..................................... 288

24.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 291
24.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 291
24.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 292
24.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 304
24.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 310

25 GRAPHENE IN LUBRICANTS............................................................... 311

25.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 311
25.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 311
25.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 312
25.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 315
25.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 317

26 GRAPHENE IN RUBBER AND TIRES........................................................... 318

26.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 318
26.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 318
26.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 319
26.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 321
26.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 322

27 GRAPHENE IN SENSORS.................................................................... 324

27.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 324
27.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 324
27.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 325
27.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 332
27.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 333

28 GRAPHENE IN SMART TEXTILES AND APPAREL......................................... 334

28.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 338
28.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 339
28.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 339
28.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 345
28.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 347

29 GRAPHENE IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS......................................... 349

29.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 349
29.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 349
29.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 350
- 29.3.1 Cement................................................................................................................................... 350
- 29.3.2 Asphalt bitumen...................................................................................................................... 351
- 29.3.3 Ultra-high-performance concrete........................................................................................... 351
29.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 352
29.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 353

30 GRAPHENE IN PHOTONICS............................................................ 355

30.1 Market overview.......................................................................................................................... 355
30.2 Market prospects......................................................................................................................... 356
30.3 Market assessment..................................................................................................................... 356
30.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2030............................................................... 362
30.5 Product developers..................................................................................................................... 363

31 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES......................... 365 (200 COMPANY PROFILES)

32 KEY GRAPHENE PLAYERS COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS........................ 493

33 EX-PRODUCERS............................................................................ 495

34 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS............................................................ 495

34.1 BOROPHENE............................................................................................................................. 498
- 34.1.1 Properties............................................................................................................................... 498
- 34.1.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 499
34.2 PHOSPHORENE........................................................................................................................ 499
- 34.2.1 Properties............................................................................................................................... 500
- 34.2.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 502
- 34.2.3 Market opportunity assessment............................................................................................. 505
34.3 GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE (g-C3N4)................................................................................ 505
- 34.3.1 Properties............................................................................................................................... 505
- 34.3.2 Synthesis................................................................................................................................ 506
- 34.3.3 C₂N.......................................................................................................................................... 506
- 34.3.4 Applications............................................................................................................................ 506
- 34.3.5 Market opportunity assessment............................................................................................. 507
34.4 GERMANENE............................................................................................................................. 508
- 34.4.1 Properties............................................................................................................................... 508
- 34.4.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 508
- 34.4.3 Market opportunity assessment............................................................................................. 509
34.5 GRAPHDIYNE............................................................................................................................ 509
- 34.5.1 Properties............................................................................................................................... 510
- 34.5.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 510
- 34.5.3 Market opportunity assessment............................................................................................. 512
34.6 GRAPHANE................................................................................................................................ 512
- 34.6.1 Properties............................................................................................................................... 513
- 34.6.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 513
- 34.6.3 Market opportunity assessment............................................................................................. 513
34.7 HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE............................................................................................... 514
- 34.7.1 Properties............................................................................................................................... 514
- 34.7.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 515
- 34.7.3 Market opportunity assessment............................................................................................. 516
34.8 MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE (MoS₂).......................................................................................... 517
- 34.8.1 Properties............................................................................................................................... 517
- 34.8.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 51
- 34.8.3 Market opportunity assessment............................................................................................. 520
34.9 RHENIUM DISULFIDE (ReS2) AND DISELENIDE (ReSe2).................................................... 521
- 34.9.1 Properties............................................................................................................................... 521
- 34.9.2 Applications............................................................................................................................ 5222
- 34.9.3 Market opportunity assessment............................................................................................. 522
34.10 SILICENE.................................................................................................................................... 522
- 34.10.1 Properties........................................................................................................................... 523
- 34.10.2 Applications........................................................................................................................ 523
- 34.10.3 Market opportunity assessment......................................................................................... 525
34.11 STANENE/TINENE..................................................................................................................... 525
- 34.11.1 Properties........................................................................................................................... 526
- 34.11.2 Applications........................................................................................................................ 526
- 34.11.3 Market opportunity assessment......................................................................................... 527
34.12 TUNGSTEN DISELENIDE.......................................................................................................... 527
- 34.12.1 Properties........................................................................................................................... 527
- 34.12.2 Applications........................................................................................................................ 528
- 34.12.3 Market opportunity assessment......................................................................................... 528
34.13 ANTIMONENE............................................................................................................................ 528
- 34.13.1 Properties........................................................................................................................... 529
- 34.13.2 Applications........................................................................................................................ 529
34.14 DIAMENE.................................................................................................................................... 529
- 34.14.1 Properties........................................................................................................................... 529
- 34.14.2 Applications........................................................................................................................ 529
34.15 INDIUM SELENIDE.................................................................................................................... 529
- 34.15.1 Properties........................................................................................................................... 529
- 34.15.2 Applications........................................................................................................................ 530
34.16 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GRAPHENE AND OTHER 2D MATERIALS......................... 530

35 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY................................................................... 532

36 REFERENCES...................................................................................... 538

Tables

Table 1: Market opportunity assessment for main graphene applications..................................................... 40
Table 2. Graphene target markets-Applications and potential addressable market size............................... 44
Table 3. Demand for graphene (tons), 2010-2030.......................................................................................... 46
Table 4: Consumer products incorporating graphene, by market.................................................................. 55
Table 5: Graphene investments and financial agreements............................................................................ 59
Table 6. Main graphene producers by country and annual production capacities 2020................................ 62
Table 7: Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets.................................. 63
Table 8. Graphene market challenges............................................................................................................ 68
Table 9: Properties of graphene...................................................................................................................... 73
Table 10: Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs................................................................ 75
Table 11: Graphene quantum dot producers.................................................................................................. 78
Table 12: Large area graphene films-Markets, applications and current global market................................ 79
Table 13: Graphene oxide flakes/graphene nanoplatelets-Markets, applications and current global market. 80
Table 14: Main production methods for graphene.......................................................................................... 81
Table 15. Assessment of graphene production methods............................................................................... 88
Table 16: Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019................................................................ 97
Table 17: Leading graphene patentees........................................................................................................... 97
Table 18: Demand for graphene (tons), 2010-2030...................................................................................... 100
Table 19: Graphene oxide production capacity by producer, 2010-2018..................................................... 103
Table 20: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018............................................. 104
Table 21: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2018.............................................. 105
Table 22: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018.................................................. 106
Table 23: CVD graphene film capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2018/ 000s m²....................................... 108
Table 24: Planned graphene production capacities...................................................................................... 108
Table 25: Types of graphene and typical prices........................................................................................... 111
Table 26: Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer................................................................................ 113
Table 27: Few-layer graphene pricing by producer...................................................................................... 113
Table 28: Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer................................................................................ 114
Table 29: Reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer............................................................................. 115
Table 30: Graphene quantum dots pricing by producer................................................................................ 116
Table 31: Graphene oxide nanosheets pricing by producer......................................................................... 116
Table 32: Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer...................................................................................... 116
Table 33. Market overview for graphene in batteries.................................................................................... 120
Table 34. Scorecard for graphene in batteries.............................................................................................. 120
Table 35. Market and applications for graphene in batteries........................................................................ 121
Table 36: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2030................................................................... 126
Table 37: Product developers in graphene batteries.................................................................................... 128
Table 38. Market overview for graphene in 3D printing................................................................................ 131
Table 39. Scorecard for graphene in 3D printing.......................................................................................... 131
Table 40. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing.................................................................... 132
Table 41: Graphene properties relevant to application in 3D printing.......................................................... 133
Table 42: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2030.............................................................. 134
Table 43: Product developers in graphene 3D printing................................................................................. 135
Table 44. Market overview for graphene in adhesives................................................................................. 136
Table 45. Scorecard for graphene in adhesives........................................................................................... 136
Table 46. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives..................................................................... 137
Table 47: Graphene properties relevant to application in adhesives............................................................ 137
Table 48: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2030................................................................ 140
Table 49: Product developers in graphene adhesives.................................................................................. 141
Table 50. Market overview for graphene in aviation and aerospace............................................................ 142
Table 51. Scorecard for graphene in aviation and aerospace...................................................................... 143
Table 52. Market and applications for graphene in aviation and aerospace................................................ 143
Table 53: Demand for graphene in aviation and aerospace (tons), 2018-2030........................................... 150
Table 54: Product developers in aviation and aerospace............................................................................. 150
Table 55. Market overview for graphene in automotive................................................................................ 152
Table 56. Scorecard for graphene in automotive.......................................................................................... 152
Table 57. Market and applications for graphene in automotive.................................................................... 153
Table 58: Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2030............................................................... 160
Table 59: Product developers in the graphene automotive market.............................................................. 162
Table 60. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings.................................................................. 163
Table 61. Scorecard for graphene in paints and coatings............................................................................ 163
Table 62. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings...................................................... 164
Table 63: Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2030................................................. 175
Table 64: Product developers in graphene paints and coatings................................................................... 176
Table 65. Market overview for graphene in composites............................................................................... 179
Table 66. Scorecard for graphene in composites......................................................................................... 180
Table 67: Graphene properties relevant to application in polymer composites........................................... 180
Table 68: Applications and benefits of graphene in composites.................................................................. 181
Table 69. Scorecard for graphene in fiber-based polymer composite parts................................................. 183
Table 70. Market and applications for graphene in fiber-based composite parts......................................... 184
Table 71. Market and applications for graphene in metal matrix composites.............................................. 187
Table 72. Global market for graphene in metal-matrix composites based on penetration forecasts 2018-2030, tons.......................................................................................................................................................... 189
Table 73: Product developers in graphene composites................................................................................ 190
Table 74. Market overview for graphene in electronics................................................................................ 192
Table 75. Scorecard for graphene in electronics.......................................................................................... 193
Table 76: Comparison of ITO replacements................................................................................................. 195
Table 77. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing.................................................................... 196
Table 78: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors............................................................... 202
Table 79: Demand for graphene in flexible electronics, 2018-2030............................................................. 203
Table 80: Product developers in graphene-based electronics...................................................................... 205
Table 81. Market overview for graphene in conductive inks......................................................................... 207
Table 82. Scorecard for graphene in conductive inks................................................................................... 207
Table 83: Comparative properties of conductive inks................................................................................... 208
Table 84: Printable electronics products....................................................................................................... 209
Table 85. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks............................................................. 213
Table 86: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2027.......................................................... 215
Table 87: Product developers in graphene conductive inks......................................................................... 217
Table 88. Market overview for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits............................................ 218
Table 89. Scorecard for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits...................................................... 218
Table 90. Market and applications for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits................................ 219
Table 91: Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors........................................................ 222
Table 92: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2030..................................... 225
Table 93: Product developers in graphene transistors and integrated circuits............................................. 226
Table 94. Market overview for graphene in memory devices....................................................................... 228
Table 95. Scorecard for graphene in memory devices................................................................................. 229
Table 96. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices........................................................... 229
Table 97: Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2030................................................................ 233
Table 98: Product developers in graphene memory devices........................................................................ 234
Table 99. Market overview for graphene in supercapacitors........................................................................ 235
Table 100. Scorecard for graphene in supercapacitors................................................................................ 236
Table 101. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors.......................................................... 236
Table 102: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries........................ 238
Table 103: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2030..................................................... 242
Table 104: Product developers in graphene supercapacitors...................................................................... 243
Table 105. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics.......................................................................... 245
Table 106. Scorecard for graphene in photovoltaics.................................................................................... 246
Table 107. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics.............................................................. 246
Table 108: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2030......................................................... 250
Table 109: Product developers in graphene solar........................................................................................ 251
Table 110. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells.................................................................................. 254
Table 111. Scorecard for graphene in fuel cells........................................................................................... 254
Table 112. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells...................................................................... 254
Table 113: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2030................................................................ 257
Table 114: Product developers in graphene fuel cells.................................................................................. 258
Table 115. Market overview for graphene in lighting.................................................................................... 259
Table 116. Scorecard for graphene in lighting.............................................................................................. 260
Table 117. Market and applications for graphene in lighting........................................................................ 260
Table 118: Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2030............................................................................. 263
Table 119: Product developers in graphene lighting..................................................................................... 264
Table 120. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas.............................................................................. 266
Table 121. Scorecard for graphene in oil and gas........................................................................................ 266
Table 122. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas.................................................................. 267
Table 123: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2030............................................................. 274
Table 124: Product developers in graphene oil and gas.............................................................................. 275
Table 125. Market overview for graphene in filtration................................................................................... 279
Table 126. Scorecard for graphene in filtration............................................................................................. 280
Table 127. Market and applications for graphene in filtration....................................................................... 280
Table 128: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2030.................................................................. 285
Table 129: Graphene companies in filtration................................................................................................ 285
Table 130. Market overview for graphene in life sciences and medicine..................................................... 291
Table 131. Scorecard for graphene in 3D printing........................................................................................ 291
Table 132. Market and applications for graphene in life sciences and medicine......................................... 292
Table 133: Applications and benefits of graphene in life sciences and medical.......................................... 293
Table 134: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in biomedical & healthcare markets.................. 307
Table 135: Potential addressable market for graphene in biomedical & healthcare markets...................... 308
Table 136: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2030...................................... 309
Table 137: Product developers in graphene life sciences and biomedicine................................................. 310
Table 138. Market overview for graphene in lubricants................................................................................ 311
Table 139. Scorecard for graphene in lubricants.......................................................................................... 312
Table 140. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants.................................................................... 312
Table 141. Nanomaterial lubricant products................................................................................................. 314
Table 142: Market size for graphene in lubricants........................................................................................ 315
Table 143: Potential addressable market for graphene in the lubricants market......................................... 316
Table 144: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in lubricants........................................................ 316
Table 145: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2030............................................................... 316
Table 146: Product developers in graphene lubricants................................................................................. 317
Table 147. Market overview for graphene in rubber and tires...................................................................... 318
Table 148. Scorecard for graphene in rubber and tires................................................................................ 319
Table 149. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tires.......................................................... 319
Table 150: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2030..................................................... 321
Table 151: Product developers in rubber and tires....................................................................................... 322
Table 152. Market overview for graphene in sensors................................................................................... 324
Table 153. Scorecard for graphene in sensors............................................................................................. 324
Table 154. Market and applications for graphene in sensors....................................................................... 325
Table 155: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2030.................................................................. 332
Table 156: Product developers in graphene sensors................................................................................... 333
Table 157: Types of smart textiles................................................................................................................ 335
Table 158: Smart textile products.................................................................................................................. 336
Table 159. Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel...................................................... 338
Table 160. Scorecard for graphene in smart textiles and apparel................................................................ 339
Table 161. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.......................................... 339
Table 162: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2030................................................................... 346
Table 163: Graphene product developers in smart textiles and apparel...................................................... 347
Table 164. Market overview for graphene in construction............................................................................ 349
Table 165. Scorecard for graphene in construction...................................................................................... 350
Table 166. Graphene for cement.................................................................................................................. 350
Table 167. Graphene for asphalt bitumen..................................................................................................... 351
Table 168. Graphene for ultra-high-performance concrete.......................................................................... 351
Table 169: Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2030........................................................... 352
Table 170: Graphene product developers in construction............................................................................ 353
Table 171. Market overview for graphene in 3D printing.............................................................................. 356
Table 172. Scorecard for graphene in 3D printing........................................................................................ 356
Table 173. Market and applications for graphene in 3D printing.................................................................. 356
Table 174: Graphene properties relevant to application in optical modulators............................................ 359
Table 175: Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2030......................................................................... 362
Table 176: Product developers in graphene photonics................................................................................. 363
Table 177: Graphene producers and types produced.................................................................................. 365
Table 178: Graphene producers target market matrix.................................................................................. 369
Table 179: Graphene product developers and end users target market matrix........................................... 373
Table 180. Key graphene players competitive analysis................................................................................ 493
Table 184: 2D materials types....................................................................................................................... 495
Table 185: Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS₂.......... 501
Table 186: Market opportunity assessment for phosphorene applications.................................................. 505
Table 187: Market opportunity assessment for graphitic carbon nitride applications................................... 507
Table 188: Market opportunity assessment for germanene applications..................................................... 509
Table 189: Market opportunity assessment for graphdiyne applications..................................................... 512
Table 190: Market opportunity assessment for graphane applications........................................................ 513
Table 191: Market opportunity assessment for hexagonal boron nitride applications................................. 516
Table 192: Market opportunity assessment for molybdenum disulfide applications.................................... 520
Table 193: Market opportunity assessment for Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2) applications............................................................................................................................................. 522
Table 194: Market opportunity assessment for silicene applications........................................................... 525
Table 195: Market opportunity assessment for stanine/tinene applications................................................. 527
Table 196: Market opportunity assessment for tungsten diselenide applications........................................ 528
Table 197: Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2-D nanomaterials.............................................. 530
Table 198: Categorization of nanomaterials................................................................................................. 537

Figures

Figure 1. Demand for graphene, by market, 2018. Figures based on market graphene producers sell to, including samples...................................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 2. Demand for graphene, 2010-2030................................................................................................... 47
Figure 3: Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2018............................................................................ 48
Figure 4: Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2030............................................................................ 49
Figure 5: Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2018.................................................................. 49
Figure 6: Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2030.................................................................. 50
Figure 7: Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2018.............................................................. 53
Figure 8: Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2030.............................................................. 53
Figure 9: Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2018......................................................................... 54
Figure 10: Vittoria bike tires incorporating graphene...................................................................................... 55
Figure 11: Global government funding for graphene in millions USD to 2018............................................... 61
Figure 12: Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2030....................................................................... 70
Figure 13: Graphene layer structure schematic.............................................................................................. 71
Figure 14: Graphite and graphene.................................................................................................................. 72
Figure 15: Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. ......................................... 73
Figure 16: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4)................................................... 76
Figure 17: Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots................................................................................... 77
Figure 18: Graphene quantum dots................................................................................................................ 78
Figure 19: Fabrication methods of graphene.................................................................................................. 81
Figure 20: TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF............................................ 83
Figure 21: Graphene nanoribbons grown on germanium............................................................................... 86
Figure 22: Schematic illustration of the main graphene production method.................................................. 88
Figure 23: (a) Graphene powder production line in The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd.............................................................. 90
Figure 24: Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG................ 92
Figure 25: Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2018............................................................... 97
Figure 26: Demand for graphene, 2010-2030............................................................................................... 102
Figure 27: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018............................................ 105
Figure 28: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018................................................. 107
Figure 29: CVD Graphene on Cu Foil........................................................................................................... 107
Figure 30: The SkelStart Engine Start Module 2.0 based on the graphene-based SkelCap ultracapacitors. 119
Figure 31. Applications of graphene in batteries........................................................................................... 122
Figure 32: Graphene concept car.................................................................................................................. 125
Figure 33: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2030................................................................. 127
Figure 34. Applications of graphene in 3D printing....................................................................................... 133
Figure 35: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2030............................................................. 135
Figure 36: Graphene Adhesives.................................................................................................................... 137
Figure 37. Applications of graphene in adhesives........................................................................................ 138
Figure 38: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2030............................................................... 140
Figure 39: Graphene aircraft......................................................................................................................... 144
Figure 40: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container.............................................................................. 145
Figure 41. Applications of graphene in aviation and aerospace................................................................... 146
Figure 42: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030.............................................................. 150
Figure 43: Graphene-based automotive components................................................................................... 154
Figure 44: Supercar incorporating graphene................................................................................................ 155
Figure 45: Antistatic graphene tire................................................................................................................ 155
Figure 46. Applications of graphene in automotive....................................................................................... 157
Figure 47: Potential addressable market for graphene in the automotive sector......................................... 160
Figure 48: Demand for graphene in automotive(tons), 2018-2030............................................................... 161
Figure 49. Applications of graphene in paints and coatings......................................................................... 164
Figure 50: Heat transfer coating developed at MIT....................................................................................... 165
Figure 51: Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand..................................... 173
Figure 52: Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2030................................................ 176
Figure 53. Global marke for graphene thermosets 2018-2030, tons............................................................ 186
Figure 54. Potential market for graphene thermoplastics 2018-2030, tons.................................................. 186
Figure 55: Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application............................................................. 194
Figure 56: Flexible graphene touch screen................................................................................................... 194
Figure 57: Flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) using graphene electrode..................................... 195
Figure 58. Applications of graphene in electronics....................................................................................... 197
Figure 59: Demand for graphene in electronics, 2018-2030........................................................................ 204
Figure 60: Printed graphene conductive ink.................................................................................................. 210
Figure 61: Flexible RFID tag.......................................................................................................................... 210
Figure 62: Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink............................................................................... 211
Figure 63. Applications of graphene in conductive inks................................................................................ 214
Figure 64: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2030........................................................ 216
Figure 65. Applications of graphene in transistors and integrated circuits................................................... 220
Figure 66: Graphene IC in wafer tester......................................................................................................... 221
Figure 67: A monolayer WS2-based flexible transistor array....................................................................... 221
Figure 68: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2030.................................... 226
Figure 69. Applications of graphene in memory devices.............................................................................. 230
Figure 70: Graphene oxide-based RRAm device on a flexible substrate..................................................... 231
Figure 71: Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random access memory (RRAM)......................................................................................................................... 232
Figure 72: Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2030............................................................... 234
Figure 73. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors............................................................................... 237
Figure 74: Skeleton Technologies ultracapacitor.......................................................................................... 238
Figure 75: Stretchable graphene supercapacitor.......................................................................................... 240
Figure 76: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2030...................................................... 243
Figure 77. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics................................................................................... 247
Figure 78: Solar cell with nanowires and graphene electrode...................................................................... 248
Figure 79: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2030.......................................................... 251
Figure 80. Applications of graphene in fuel cells.......................................................................................... 255
Figure 81: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2030................................................................. 258
Figure 82. Applications of graphene in lighting............................................................................................. 261
Figure 83: Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2030.............................................................................. 264
Figure 84. Applications of graphene in oil and gas....................................................................................... 268
Figure 85: Schematic of boron doped graphene for application in gas sensors.......................................... 270
Figure 86: Directa Plus Grafysorber.............................................................................................................. 272
Figure 87: Nanometer-scale pores in single-layer freestanding graphene membrane can effectively filter NaCl salt from water......................................................................................................................................... 273
Figure 88: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2030.............................................................. 275
Figure 89. Applications of graphene in filtration............................................................................................ 281
Figure 90: Graphene filtration membrane..................................................................................................... 282
Figure 91: Degradation of organic dye molecules by graphene hybrid composite photocatalysts.............. 283
Figure 92: Graphene anti-smog mask........................................................................................................... 283
Figure 93: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2030................................................................... 285
Figure 94. Applications of graphene in life sciences and medicine.............................................................. 293
Figure 95: Graphene-Oxide based chip prototypes for biopsy-free early cancer diagnosis........................ 298
Figure 96: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor............................................................................................. 303
Figure 97: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $..... 306
Figure 98: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $..... 306
Figure 99: Potential addressable market for graphene-enabled applications in the biomedical and healthcare market..................................................................................................................................................... 309
Figure 100: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2030..................................... 310
Figure 101. Applications of graphene in lubricants....................................................................................... 313
Figure 102: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2030.............................................................. 317
Figure 103. Applications of graphene in rubber and tires............................................................................. 320
Figure 104: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2030.................................................... 322
Figure 105. Applications of graphene in sensors.......................................................................................... 326
Figure 106: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2030................................................................. 333
Figure 107. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel............................................................. 340
Figure 108: Colmar graphene ski jacket....................................................................................................... 342
Figure 109: Conductive yarns........................................................................................................................ 343
Figure 110: Graphene-enhanced ski garments............................................................................................. 344
Figure 111: Inov-8 graphene shoes.............................................................................................................. 344
Figure 112: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2030.................................................................. 347
Figure 113. Applications of graphene in construction................................................................................... 352
Figure 114: Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2030.......................................................... 353
Figure 115. Applications of graphene in 3D printing..................................................................................... 357
Figure 116: Hybrid graphene phototransistors.............................................................................................. 360
Figure 117: Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors............................................ 360
Figure 118: Flexible PEN coated with graphene and a QD thin film (20nm) is highly visibly transparent and photosensitive......................................................................................................................................... 361
Figure 119: Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2030........................................................................ 363
Figure 120: Graphene flake products............................................................................................................ 381
Figure 121: Prototype of Graphene-integrated UF filter cartridge................................................................ 478
Figure 123: Schematic of 2-D materials........................................................................................................ 497
Figure 124: Borophene schematic................................................................................................................ 499
Figure 125: Black phosphorus structure....................................................................................................... 500
Figure 126: Black Phosphorus crystal........................................................................................................... 501
Figure 127: Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation.......................................................................................................................................... 503
Figure 128: Graphitic carbon nitride.............................................................................................................. 506
Figure 129: Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology.................................................................. 506
Figure 130: Schematic of germanene........................................................................................................... 508
Figure 131: Graphdiyne structure.................................................................................................................. 510
Figure 132: Schematic of Graphane crystal.................................................................................................. 512
Figure 133: Structure of hexagonal boron nitride.......................................................................................... 514
Figure 134: BN nanosheet textiles application.............................................................................................. 516
Figure 135: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide....................................................................................... 517
Figure 136: SEM image of MoS₂................................................................................................................... 518
Figure 137: Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor......................... 519
Figure 138: Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge.................................................................................................................. 520
Figure 139: Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide......................................................................... 521
Figure 140: Silicene structure........................................................................................................................ 523
Figure 141: Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate.......................................................................... 523
Figure 142: Silicene transistor....................................................................................................................... 524
Figure 143: Crystal structure for stanene...................................................................................................... 526
Figure 144: Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111)..................................................... 526
Figure 145: Schematic of tungsten diselenide.............................................................................................. 527
Figure 146: Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe)........................................................................................ 530

The Graphene Report 2020

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The Graphene Report 2020

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Markets, Producers, Applications and Products

Published January 2020, 560 pages, 198 tables, 146 figures

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..........................................................................................29

2 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE........................................................................71

3 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION................................................................................79

4 GRAPHENE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS........................................... 96

5 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION........................................................................100

6 GRAPHENE PRICING..............................................................................111

7 GRAPHENE IN BATTERIES............................................................... 118

8 GRAPHENE IN 3D PRINTING.............................................................. 130

9 GRAPHENE IN ADHESIVES................................................................. 136

10 GRAPHENE IN AVIATION AND AEROSPACE............................................... 142

11 GRAPHENE IN AUTOMOTIVE................................................................... 152

12 GRAPHENE IN PAINTS AND COATINGS........................................... 163

13 GRAPHENE IN COMPOSITES............................................................... 179

14 GRAPHENE IN ELECTRONICS......................................................................... 192

15 GRAPHENE IN CONDUCTIVE INKS................................................................ 207

16 GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS........................ 218

17 GRAPHENE MEMORY DEVICES................................................................... 228

18 GRAPHENE IN SUPERCAPACITORS................................................................. 235

19 GRAPHENE IN PHOTOVOLTAICS............................................ 244

20 GRAPHENE IN FUEL CELLS..................................................................... 252

21 GRAPHENE IN LIGHTING..................................................................... 259

22 GRAPHENE IN OIL AND GAS.......................................................... 265

23 GRAPHENE IN FILTRATION............................................................... 276

24 GRAPHENE IN LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE..................................... 288

25 GRAPHENE IN LUBRICANTS............................................................... 311

26 GRAPHENE IN RUBBER AND TIRES........................................................... 318

27 GRAPHENE IN SENSORS.................................................................... 324

28 GRAPHENE IN SMART TEXTILES AND APPAREL......................................... 334

29 GRAPHENE IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS......................................... 349

30 GRAPHENE IN PHOTONICS............................................................ 355

31 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES......................... 365 (200 COMPANY PROFILES)

32 KEY GRAPHENE PLAYERS COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS........................ 493

33 EX-PRODUCERS............................................................................ 495

34 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS............................................................ 495

35 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY................................................................... 532

36 REFERENCES...................................................................................... 538

Tables

Figures

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