The most comprehensive guide to graphene production, commercial opportunities and current pricing. The Graphene Investment and Pricing Report 2019 examines:
- Advantages and shortcomings of graphene as a technology component.
- Pricing analysis for graphene, by types and producers.
- Production volumes by graphene producer.
- Graphene applications by industry.
- Graphene market size 2018 and growth forecast 2019-2030 (tonnes, CAGR 2018-2030)
- Production capacities globally 2010-2018.
- Segmentation by type of graphene materials and production.
- Provides a map of the current competitive landscape by market.
- Investments in graphene over the past 12 months.
- Market impediments for graphene by target market.
- Profiles all the major players in graphene production.
- Profiles all the major application developers including current and intended products.
- Global map of graphene producers.
Published February 2019 | 380 pages, 138 tables, 138 figures | Table of contents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………………… 28
- 1.1 Market opportunity analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………. 31
- 2.1 The market in 2018………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 32
- 2.2 Graphene production and demand 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………. 32
- 2.3 Products on the market…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 35
- 2.4 Graphene investments and funding 2017-2018…………………………………………………………………………… 36
- 2.5 Market outlook…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 38
- 2.6 Market opportunity matrix………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41
- 2.7 Collaborations and licence agreements…………………………………………………………………………………….. 44
3 GRAPHENE HISTORY……………………………………………………………. 48
4 TYPES OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE GRAPHENE……………. 50
- 4.1 Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
- 4.2 3D Graphene………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51
- 4.3 Graphene Quantum Dots……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 51
5 PRODUCER PRODUCTION CAPACITIES BY GRAPHENE TYPE. 56
- 5.1 Graphene oxide…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 58
- 5.2 Graphene nanoplatelets………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 60
- 5.3 CVD graphene film……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 62
- 5.4 Planned graphene capacities 2018 onwards………………………………………………………………………………. 63
6 GRAPHENE PRICING…………………………………………………………….. 64
- 6.1 Pristine Graphene Flakes………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65
- 6.2 Few-Layer Graphene……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 66
- 6.3 Graphene Nanoplatelets………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 66
- 6.4 Reduced Graphene Oxide……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 67
- 6.5 Graphene Quantum Dots……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 68
- 6.6 Graphene Oxide Nanosheets………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 68
- 6.7 Multilayer Graphene (MLG)……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 69
- 6.8 Mass production of lower grade graphene materials…………………………………………………………………….. 69
- 6.9 High grade graphene difficult to mass produce……………………………………………………………………………. 69
- 6.10 Bulk supply…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 70
- 6.11 Commoditisation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 70
7 GRAPHENE IN 3D PRINTING…………………………………………………. 71
- 7.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 71
- 7.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY………………………………………………………………………….. 71
8 GRAPHENE IN ADHESIVES…………………………………………………… 73
- 8.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 73
- 8.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY………………………………………………………………………….. 75
9 GRAPHENE IN AIRCRAFT AND AEROSPACE…………………………. 77
- 9.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 77
- 9.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY………………………………………………………………………….. 80
10 GRAPHENE IN AUTOMOTIVE………………………………………………… 84
- 10.1 APPLICATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 84
- 10.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY………………………………………………………………………. 87
11 GRAPHENE IN COATINGS…………………………………………………….. 90
- 11.1 APPLICATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 90
- 11.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY………………………………………………………………………. 93
12 GRAPHENE IN COMPOSITES………………………………………………… 96
- 12.1 APPLICATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 97
- 12.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 100
13 GRAPHENE IN FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS, WEARABLES, CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND DISPLAYS……………………………………….. 104
- 13.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 104
- 13.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 112
14 GRAPHENE IN CONDUCTIVE INKS………………………………………. 119
- 14.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 119
- 14.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 124
15 GRAPHENE IN TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS… 129
- 15.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 129
- 15.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 133
16 GRAPHENE IN MEMORY DEVICES………………………………………. 137
- 16.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 137
- 16.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 139
17 GRAPHENE IN PHOTONICS…………………………………………………. 143
- 17.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 143
- 17.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 147
18 GRAPHENE IN BATTERIES………………………………………………….. 150
- 18.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 150
- 18.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 152
19 GRAPHENE IN SUPERCAPACITORS……………………………………. 156
- 19.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 156
- 19.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 160
20 GRAPHENE IN SOLAR………………………………………………………… 164
- 20.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 164
- 20.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 166
21 GRAPHENE IN FUEL CELLS………………………………………………… 169
- 21.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 169
- 21.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 170
22 GRAPHENE IN LED LIGHTING AND UVC………………………………. 173
- 22.1.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 173
- 22.1.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY………………………………………………………………… 175
23 GRAPHENE IN OIL AND GAS……………………………………………….. 177
- 23.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 178
- 23.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 182
24 GRAPHENE IN FILTRATION…………………………………………………. 186
- 24.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 186
- 24.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 189
25 GRAPHENE IN LIFE SCIENCES AND BIOMEDICINE………………. 194
- 25.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 194
- 25.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 208
26 GRAPHENE IN LUBRICANTS……………………………………………….. 213
- 26.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 213
- 26.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 214
27 GRAPHENE IN RUBBER AND TIRES…………………………………….. 217
- 27.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 217
- 27.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 218
28 GRAPHENE IN SENSORS…………………………………………………….. 221
- 28.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 221
- 28.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 228
29 GRAPHENE IN SMART TEXTILES AND APPAREL…………………. 231
- 29.1 APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 232
- 29.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 237
30 GRAPHENE IN CEMENT ADDITIVES…………………………………….. 243
- 30.1 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 243
- 30.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………………………….. 243
31 GRAPHENE PRODUCERS……………………………………………………. 246
32 GRAPHENE PRODUCT AND APPLICATION DEVELOPERS……. 314
33 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………….. 370
TABLES
- Table 1: Demand for graphene (tons), 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………………. 32
- Table 2: Main graphene producers by country and annual production capacities…………………………………………….. 34
- Table 3: Consumer products incorporating graphene………………………………………………………………………………… 35
- Table 4: Graphene investments and financial agreements 2017-2018………………………………………………………….. 36
- Table 5: Market opportunity assessment matrix for graphene applications…………………………………………………….. 41
- Table 6: Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets……………………………………….. 44
- Table 7: Properties of graphene…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
- Table 8: Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs…………………………………………………………………. 52
- Table 9: Graphene quantum dot producers…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 55
- Table 10: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by country/year, 2010-2018………………………………………….. 58
- Table 11: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018………………………………………………….. 59
- Table 12: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by country/year, 2010-2018……………………………………………… 60
- Table 13: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018……………………………………………………… 61
- Table 14: CVD graphene film capacity in tons by country/year, 2010-2018/ 000s m2………………………………………… 63
- Table 15: Planned graphene production capacities…………………………………………………………………………………… 63
- Table 16: Types of graphene and prices………………………………………………………………………………………………… 64
- Table 17: Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer……………………………………………………………………………… 65
- Table 18: Few-layer graphene pricing by producer…………………………………………………………………………………… 66
- Table 19: Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer……………………………………………………………………………… 67
- Table 20: Reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer……………………………………………………………………………. 67
- Table 21: Graphene quantum dots pricing by producer……………………………………………………………………………… 68
- Table 22: Graphene oxide nanosheets pricing by producer………………………………………………………………………… 68
- Table 23: Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
- Table 24: Graphene properties relevant to application in 3D printing…………………………………………………………….. 71
- Table 25: Market size for graphene in 3D printing…………………………………………………………………………………….. 71
- Table 26: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in 3D printing………………………………………………………….. 71
- Table 27: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………….. 72
- Table 28: Graphene properties relevant to application in adhesives……………………………………………………………… 74
- Table 29: Applications and benefits of graphene in adhesives…………………………………………………………………….. 74
- Table 30: Market size for graphene in adhesives……………………………………………………………………………………… 75
- Table 31: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in adhesives……………………………………………………………. 75
- Table 32: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 77
- Table 33: Applications and benefits of graphene in aerospace……………………………………………………………………. 79
- Table 34: Market size for graphene in aircfaft and aerospace……………………………………………………………………… 80
- Table 35: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in aerospace…………………………………………………………… 81
- Table 36: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 83
- Table 37: Applications and benefits of graphene in the automotive industry…………………………………………………… 86
- Table 38: Market size for graphene in the automotive industry……………………………………………………………………. 87
- Table 39: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the automotive industry………………………………………….. 87
- Table 40: Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 89
- Table 41: Graphene properties relevant to application in coatings……………………………………………………………….. 91
- Table 42: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the coatings market………………………………………………. 93
- Table 43: Demand for graphene in coatings (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………………. 95
- Table 44: Graphene properties relevant to application in polymer composites………………………………………………… 97
- Table 45: Applications and benefits of graphene in composites…………………………………………………………………… 98
- Table 46: Market size for graphene in composites………………………………………………………………………………….. 100
- Table 47: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the composites market…………………………………………. 100
- Table 48: Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………… 102
- Table 49: Applications and benefits of graphene in flexible electronics and conductive films…………………………….. 105
- Table 50: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors………………………………………………………………. 111
- Table 51: Market size for graphene in flexible electronics and conductive films……………………………………………… 112
- Table 52: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in flexible electronics, wearables, conductive films and displays……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 113
- Table 53: Demand for graphene in flexible electronics (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………….. 114
- Table 54: Market challenges rating for graphene in the flexible electronics, wearables, conductive films and displays market……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 118
- Table 55: Comparative properties of conductive inks………………………………………………………………………………. 119
- Table 56: Printable electronics products……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 120
- Table 57: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in conductive inks…………………………………………………… 126
- Table 58: Conductive inks in the flexible and stretchable electronics market 2017-2027 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 127
- Table 59: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2027………………………………………………………….. 128
- Table 60: Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors…………………………………………………………. 131
- Table 61: Applications and benefits of graphene in transistors, integrated circuits and other components……………. 132
- Table 62: Market size for graphene in transistors, integrated circuits and other components…………………………….. 133
- Table 63: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in transistors, integrated circuits and other components….. 133
- Table 64: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………. 135
- Table 65: Market size for graphene in memory devices……………………………………………………………………………. 139
- Table 66: Demand for graphene in memory devices (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………….. 141
- Table 67: Graphene properties relevant to application in optical modulators…………………………………………………. 144
- Table 68: Applications and benefits of graphene in photonics……………………………………………………………………. 146
- Table 69: Market size for graphene in photonics…………………………………………………………………………………….. 147
- Table 70: Demand for graphene in photonics (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 148
- Table 71: Market size for graphene in batteries……………………………………………………………………………………… 153
- Table 72: Potential addressable market for thin film, flexible and printed batteries…………………………………………. 154
- Table 73: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in batteries……………………………………………………………. 155
- Table 74: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 155
- Table 75: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries………………………………… 157
- Table 76: Applications and benefits of graphene in supercapacitors……………………………………………………………. 158
- Table 77: Market size for graphene in supercapacitors…………………………………………………………………………….. 160
- Table 78: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in supercapacitors………………………………………………….. 161
- Table 79: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………… 162
- Table 80: Market size for graphene in photovoltaics………………………………………………………………………………… 166
- Table 81: Market size for graphene in photovoltaics………………………………………………………………………………… 167
- Table 82: Potential addressable market for photovoltaics…………………………………………………………………………. 167
- Table 83: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………. 168
- Table 84: Applications and benefits of graphene in fuel cells and hydrogen storage……………………………………….. 170
- Table 85: Market size for graphene in fuel cells and hydrogen storage………………………………………………………… 171
- Table 86: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in fuel cells and hydrogen storage……………………………… 172
- Table 87: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 172
- Table 88: Applications of graphene in lighting………………………………………………………………………………………… 173
- Table 89: Market size for graphene in LED lighting and UVC…………………………………………………………………….. 175
- Table 90: Investment opportunity assessment for graphene in the lighting market…………………………………………. 176
- Table 91: Demand for graphene in lighting (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………………. 177
- Table 92: Applications of graphene in the oil and gas market……………………………………………………………………. 178
- Table 93: Application markets, competing materials, graphene advantages and current market size in oil and gas.. 182
- Table 94: Market summary and revenues for graphene in the oil and gas market………………………………………….. 183
- Table 95: Potential addressable market for graphene in the oil and gas market…………………………………………….. 184
- Table 96: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………. 185
- Table 97: Applications and benefits of graphene in filtration and separation………………………………………………….. 187
- Table 98: Market size for graphene in filtration………………………………………………………………………………………. 190
- Table 99: Potential addressable market for graphene in the filtration market…………………………………………………. 191
- Table 100: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the filtration and separation market………………………… 191
- Table 101: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 192
- Table 102: Graphene properties relevant to application in biomedicine and healthcare…………………………………… 194
- Table 103: Applications and benefits of graphene in life sciences and medical……………………………………………… 194
- Table 104: Applications in flexible and stretchable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 202
- Table 105: Market size for graphene in biomedical and healthcare…………………………………………………………….. 208
- Table 106: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in biomedical & healthcare markets…………………………… 210
- Table 107: Potential addressable market for graphene in biomedical & healthcare markets……………………………… 211
- Table 108: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………….. 212
- Table 109: Applications of graphene in the lubricants market……………………………………………………………………. 214
- Table 110: Applications of carbon nanomaterials in lubricants…………………………………………………………………… 214
- Table 111: Market size for graphene in lubricants…………………………………………………………………………………… 214
- Table 112: Potential addressable market for graphene in the lubricants market…………………………………………….. 215
- Table 113: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in lubricants…………………………………………………………. 215
- Table 114: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………. 216
- Table 115: Applications of graphene in rubber and tires…………………………………………………………………………… 217
- Table 116: Market summary and revenues for graphene in the rubber and tires market………………………………….. 218
- Table 117: Potential addressable market for graphene in the rubber and tires market…………………………………….. 219
- Table 118: Investment opportunity assessment for graphene in the rubber and tires market…………………………….. 219
- Table 119: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………. 220
- Table 120: Applications and benefits of graphene in sensors…………………………………………………………………….. 222
- Table 121: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors……………………………………………………………… 223
- Table 122: Comparison of ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and graphene biosensor…………………… 227
- Table 123: Market size for graphene in sensors……………………………………………………………………………………… 228
- Table 124: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the sensors market…………………………………………….. 229
- Table 125: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 230
- Table 126: Nanocoatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 232
- Table 127: Desirable functional properties for the textiles industry afforded by the use of nanomaterials…………….. 234
- Table 128: Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel…………………………………………………….. 235
- Table 129: Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel market……………………………………………………… 238
- Table 130: Potential addressable market for graphene in the smart textiles market………………………………………… 241
- Table 131: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in smart textiles and apparel……………………………………. 241
- Table 132: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………….. 242
- Table 133: Potential addressable market for graphene in the cement market……………………………………………….. 244
- Table 134: Demand for graphene in cement (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 244
- Table 135: Graphene producers and types produced………………………………………………………………………………. 246
- Table 136: Graphene producers target market matrix……………………………………………………………………………… 249
- Table 137: Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets………………………………….. 314
- Table 138: Graphene product developers and end users target market matrix………………………………………………. 318
FIGURES
- Figure 1: Demand for graphene, 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………………………. 33
- Figure 2: Vittoria bike tires incorporating graphene…………………………………………………………………………………… 35
- Figure 3: Demand for graphene, by market, 2018. Figures based on market graphene producers sell to, including samples……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 40
- Figure 4: Graphene layer structure schematic…………………………………………………………………………………………. 49
- Figure 5: Graphite and graphene………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 49
- Figure 6: Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. …………………………………………………… 50
- Figure 7: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4)………………………………………………………………………… 53
- Figure 8: Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots………………………………………………………………………………… 54
- Figure 9: Graphene quantum dots………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 55
- Figure 10: Fabrication methods of graphene…………………………………………………………………………………………… 57
- Figure 11: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018…………………………………………………. 60
- Figure 12: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018…………………………………………………….. 62
- Figure 13: CVD Graphene on Cu Foil……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 62
- Figure 14: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………. 73
- Figure 15: Graphene Adhesives…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 74
- Figure 16: Potential addressable market for graphene in adhesives……………………………………………………………… 76
- Figure 17: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 77
- Figure 18: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container…………………………………………………………………………….. 78
- Figure 19: Graphene aircraft……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 79
- Figure 20: Potential addressable market for graphene in aerospace…………………………………………………………….. 82
- Figure 21: Potential addressable market for graphene-enabled applications in aerospace…………………………………. 83
- Figure 22: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………….. 84
- Figure 23: Graphene-based automotive components………………………………………………………………………………… 85
- Figure 24: Antistatic graphene tire………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 86
- Figure 25: Potential addressable market for graphene in the automotive sector………………………………………………. 88
- Figure 26: Potential addressable market for graphene in the automotive sector………………………………………………. 89
- Figure 27: Demand for graphene in automotive(tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 90
- Figure 28: Water permeation through a brick without (left) and with (right) “graphene paint” coating……………………. 92
- Figure 29: Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate……………………………………………………………. 93
- Figure 30: Potential addressable market for graphene in the coatings market………………………………………………… 94
- Figure 31: Potential addressable market for graphene in the coatings market………………………………………………… 95
- Figure 32: Demand for graphene in coatings (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………….. 96
- Figure 33: Potential addressable market for graphene in composites………………………………………………………….. 101
- Figure 34: Potential addressable market for graphene in the composites market…………………………………………… 102
- Figure 35: Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………….. 103
- Figure 36: Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application…………………………………………………………….. 104
- Figure 37: Flexible graphene touch screen……………………………………………………………………………………………. 105
- Figure 38: Galapad Settler smartphone………………………………………………………………………………………………… 105
- Figure 39: Flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) using graphene electrode………………………………………….. 106
- Figure 40: Graphene electrochromic devices. Top left: Exploded-view illustration of the graphene electrochromic device. The device is formed by attaching two graphene-coated PVC substrates face-to-face and filling the gap with a liquid ionic electrolyte………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 107
- Figure 41: Flexible mobile phones with graphene transparent conductive film……………………………………………….. 108
- Figure 42: Foldable graphene E-paper…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 108
- Figure 43: C2Sense flexible sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 110
- Figure 44: Wearable gas sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 112
- Figure 45: BeBop Sensors Marcel Modular Data Gloves………………………………………………………………………….. 112
- Figure 46: Potential addressable market for graphene in the flexible electronics, wearables, conductive films and displays market………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 114
- Figure 47: Demand for graphene in flexible electronics (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………. 115
- Figure 48: Global transparent conductive electrodes market forecast by materials type, 2012-2027, millions $…….. 116
- Figure 49: Schematic of the wet roll-to-roll graphene transfer from copper foils to polymeric substrates……………… 117
- Figure 50: The transmittance of glass/ITO, glass/ITO/four organic layers, and glass/ITO/four organic layers/4-layer graphene………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 118
- Figure 51: BGT Materials graphene ink product……………………………………………………………………………………… 120
- Figure 52: Printed graphene conductive ink…………………………………………………………………………………………… 121
- Figure 53: Flexible RFID tag………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 122
- Figure 54: Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink…………………………………………………………………………… 123
- Figure 55: Graphene printed antenna………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 124
- Figure 56: Printed antennas for aircraft………………………………………………………………………………………………… 124
- Figure 57: Vorbeck Materials conductive ink products……………………………………………………………………………… 125
- Figure 58: Potential addressable market for graphene in the conductive ink market……………………………………….. 126
- Figure 59: Conductive inks in the flexible and stretchable electronics market 2017-2027 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 127
- Figure 60: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………. 129
- Figure 61: Graphene IC in wafer tester………………………………………………………………………………………………… 130
- Figure 62: A monolayer WS2-based flexible transistor array……………………………………………………………………… 130
- Figure 63: Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 131
- Figure 64: Potential addressable market for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits……………………………… 134
- Figure 65: Potential addressable market for graphene in the transistors and integrated circuits market………………. 135
- Figure 66: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits (tons), 2018-2030………………………………… 136
- Figure 67: Graphene oxide-based RRAm device on a flexible substrate………………………………………………………. 137
- Figure 68: Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random access memory (RRAM)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 138
- Figure 69: A schematic diagram for the mechanism of the resistive switching in metal/GO/Pt…………………………… 138
- Figure 70: Carbon nanotubes NRAM chip…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 139
- Figure 71: Stretchable SWCNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics……………………………………….. 139
- Figure 72: Potential addressable market for graphene in the memory devices market…………………………………….. 141
- Figure 73: Demand for graphene in memory devices (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………. 142
- Figure 74: Hybrid graphene phototransistors…………………………………………………………………………………………. 145
- Figure 75: Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors…………………………………………………. 145
- Figure 76: Flexible PEN coated with graphene and a QD thin film (20nm) is highly visibly transparent and photosensitive………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 146
- Figure 77: Potential addressable market for graphene in photonics…………………………………………………………….. 148
- Figure 78: Demand for graphene in photonics (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………….. 149
- Figure 79: LG Chem Heaxagonal battery……………………………………………………………………………………………… 152
- Figure 80: H600 concept car……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 153
- Figure 81: Anion concept car……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 153
- Figure 82: Potential addressable market for graphene in the thin film, flexible and printed batteries market…………. 155
- Figure 83: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 156
- Figure 84: Skeleton Technologies ultracapacitor…………………………………………………………………………………….. 157
- Figure 85: The SkelStart Engine Start Module 2.0 based on the graphene-based SkelCap ultracapacitors………….. 158
- Figure 86: Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger…………………………………………………………………………………….. 159
- Figure 87: Stretchable graphene supercapacitor…………………………………………………………………………………….. 160
- Figure 88: Potential addressable market for graphene in supercapacitors……………………………………………………. 161
- Figure 89: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………….. 163
- Figure 90: Solar cell with nanowires and graphene electrode…………………………………………………………………….. 164
- Figure 91: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper…………………………………………………………………………………… 165
- Figure 92: Potential addressable market for graphene in photovoltaics……………………………………………………….. 168
- Figure 93: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………… 169
- Figure 94: Potential addressable market for graphene in fuel cells……………………………………………………………… 171
- Figure 95: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 173
- Figure 96: LG OLED flexible lighting panel……………………………………………………………………………………………. 174
- Figure 97: Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight………………………………………………………………. 175
- Figure 98: Potential addressable market for graphene in lighting……………………………………………………………….. 176
- Figure 99: Demand for graphene in lighting (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………… 177
- Figure 100: Schematic of boron doped graphene for application in gas sensors……………………………………………. 179
- Figure 101: Directa Plus Grafysorber…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 181
- Figure 102: Nanometer-scale pores in single-layer freestanding graphene membrane can effectively filter NaCl salt from water……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 182
- Figure 103: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………. 186
- Figure 104: Degradation of organic dye molecules by graphene hybrid composite photocatalysts……………………… 189
- Figure 105: Graphene anti-smog mask………………………………………………………………………………………………… 189
- Figure 106: Potential addressable market for graphene in the filtration market………………………………………………. 190
- Figure 107: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 193
- Figure 108: Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel………………………. 198
- Figure 109: Graphene-Oxide based chip prototypes for biopsy-free early cancer diagnosis……………………………… 199
- Figure 110: Connected human body……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 200
- Figure 111: Flexible, lightweight temperature sensor……………………………………………………………………………….. 201
- Figure 112: Graphene-based E-skin patch……………………………………………………………………………………………. 202
- Figure 113: Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs…………. 204
- Figure 114: Graphene medical patch…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 204
- Figure 115: TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer…………………………………………………………………………… 205
- Figure 116: Mimo baby monitor………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 205
- Figure 117: Nanowire skin hydration patch……………………………………………………………………………………………. 206
- Figure 118: Wearable sweat sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 206
- Figure 119: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor…………………………………………………………………………………….. 207
- Figure 120: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $………………. 209
- Figure 121: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $………………. 210
- Figure 122: Potential addressable market for graphene-enabled applications in the biomedical and healthcare market……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 212
- Figure 123: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………. 213
- Figure 124: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………………… 217
- Figure 125: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2030……………………………………………………… 221
- Figure 126: GFET sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 225
- Figure 127: First generation point of care diagnostics……………………………………………………………………………… 226
- Figure 128: Graphene Field Effect Transistor Schematic………………………………………………………………………….. 227
- Figure 129: Potential addressable market for graphene in the sensors market………………………………………………. 230
- Figure 130: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 231
- Figure 131: Colmar graphene ski jacket……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 237
- Figure 132: Conductive yarns…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 237
- Figure 133: Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel market 2013-2030 revenue forecast (million $)…. 238
- Figure 134 Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel sales by market segment, 2016…………………….. 239
- Figure 135: Global market revenues for nanotech-enabled smart clothing and apparel 2014-2021, in US$, conservative estimate………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 240
- Figure 136: Global market revenues for nanotech-enabled smart clothing and apparel 2014-2021, in US$, optimistic estimate………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 240
- Figure 137: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2030…………………………………………………………………. 242
- Figure 138: Demand for graphene in cement (tons), 2018-2030………………………………………………………………… 245